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Some people believe that allowing children to make their own choices on everyday matters ( such as food, clothes and entertainment) is likely to result in a society of individuals who only think about their own wishes. Other people believe that it is important for children to make decisions about matters that affect them. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. These days, freedom of decision for children has gained a lot of attention. While some people argue that giving free choices in almost every aspect of children`s lives would make them self-centered in future, others claim that it is a crucial issue for each child to be able to make decision about his matters by his own. I believe that in most cases it is a necessary skill to learn how to make choices independently especially from childhood. Firstly, I think that children would feel more confident when they decided alone than when they were coerced by adults to act in a specific manner. That is, everyone would prefer to play a role in his own behavior even when it isn`t perfect. In other words, children could shape a mature self-esteem due to rely their own experiences. For instance giving the child an option to choose the colour of his own clothes would give him in fact a large capacity to make strong self-confidence. Moreover, learning free choices could also increase the ability of children`s social interactions. Because only he who experiences independency in his daily decisions could respect the others decision too. Finally, despite many claims and assumptions about the negative effects of allowing children to have their own choices, I as a psychologist have never seen any proven connection between self-centeredness and freedom of decision in social life yet. In conclusion, I would say that not only isn`t it harmful to learn how to make a decision independently but also it is a necessary skill for almost all children as young members of every society.

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Scientists and technology experts seem to be more valued by modern society than musicians and artists. To what extent do you agree? This is true that scientists and technology experts are considered much more important and influential than artists by most people in modern society; however, I believe that both artists and scientists have a significant key role in improving of our society. The science have always provided solutions and approaches for human being’s needs since the advent of time, thus it has brought lots of conveniece for us. Besides science, the art make great opportunities to express emotions and feelings which are often leaded to expressing human needs. Psychologists are decoding these feelings and emotions as a language in order to fulfill human’s needs and desires. Some of this willingness and needs are nonverbal or not easily expressing, they can be presented as an art such as painting, music and performance. Artists usually put these desires and needs into their artistic works showing needs or consequences of those needs of their society. Psychologists have some approach to interpret these contents and to work on the solutions. As a result, Science and art somehow complete each other. The art may have illusion and imaginary contents for instance, science fiction movies which their contents are based on scientific facts or non scientific theories. This kind of movies is so popular and appealing among people especially young ones loving science, not only do they create a chance to think about theories but they also encourage them to work on inventing imaginary equipment showing in the movies for example flying cars, human robots and laser guns; Therefore, a movie can be a motivator for scientists too. If there is a desirable target in technology, Scientists will eagerly dedicate their efforts to achieve it. From this point of view, the art can affect the science and technologies. It is obvious that science impact our life in a good way and the art as well. They work as two elements of a system, fulfilling our needs and wishes, also they have an inevitable influence on each others. In my opinion artists must be praised as well as scientist and technology experts by modern society.

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Many people believe the government should spend money on faster public transport. Others think that money should be spent on different aspects of public transportation, such as cost reduction and environment conservation. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Transportation is one of the main pillars of a modern society without which most of our achievements in civilized communities were not achievable. While many hold the idea that it is incumbent upon the government to dedicate budget to faster means of transport, others, however, maintain that investment in other public issues such as preservation of the environment or reduction in travel fair have to be prioritized. This short essay elaborates on this heated topic along with my viewpoint. Although a fast means of transport may seem an attractive facility in a metropolitan area, there are definitely other serious problems demanding immediate actions. Air pollution, overpopulation, shortage of drinking/potable water and lack of suitable place to live are just some cases in point. Tired and stressed out of the hectic pace of life in modern cities, people expecting the officials to solve the abovementioned difficulties rather than spending public financial resources on faster mode of transport. Having said that, investment in faster transportation is to the good of the university students, living in the countryside. Time is an invaluable asset for most students, and by implementing such a facility more students can enroll in major universities located in large cities. That most motivated students come from families with lower income living in the countryside is an indisputable fact. Dedication of a portion of tax revenues earned from alcohol and tobacco could be a viable solution to provide students with faster modes of transport. By way of conclusion, I must say that although I agree with the expenditure on research and development in general, considering the deficiencies humans are dealing with at this day and age I argue that spending on faster transportation does not seem necessary. Only after humanity overcame the current issues, would I vote for spending on faster means of transport.

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Some people believe that nowadays we have too many choices. To what extent do you agree or disagree to this statement? These days people have different views as to how many options are available for human beings. While some believe there are ample of choices in today’s world, I ,personally, believe the number of those are confined regarding to the essence of the issue, conditions, occasion and more importantly facilities provided for each one. On the one hand, some believe there are a lot of choices for each individual in all aspects of lives. Due to globalization, people from all walks of life are confronted with a wide range of commodities as well as approaches to meet their needs. Take for example an adult who wants to choose his future job, not only could he select this substantial part of his life base on passion or motivation, but he also may decide according to job opportunities which would be in turn various and give different chances to him. Living in consumerist world is another reason for this argument. In competitive world, the multitude of business and entrepreneurs provide consumer with a huge variety of goods and services by different qualities and prices. The more products are produced, the more choices are available. On the other hand, I would argue that the options provided for everyone in each part of life is certainly depend on many prerequisites leading to choose either inevitability or by considering all available selections. Many a people in developing countries would not have the right to choose their desired occupation because of limitations as well as insufficient facilities in their countries and they would have to put themselves in an obligatory way. In many nations sexism is an obstruction for many women, in spite of their qualifications, to be in their right place(competent). Moreover, from consumerist perspective, admittedly there are ample of choices with different qualities in the world. Nevertheless, in my belief many people are deprived of even least initial needs and do not have too many choices at all. In conclusion, I would contend that having lots of choices is not available for all people throughout the world especially in less affluent countries, but rather in some situations there may not be even one choice for some. The difference between these countries and developed ones will be blurred in the future, if wealthier nations help their peers in poorer countries.

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Young people in the modern world seem to have more power and influence than any previous young generations. Why is this the case? What impact does this have on the relationship between old and young people? Due to the high pace of technological progress during recent decades, people’s attitude toward life has changed. This situation leads to the fact that youths have become significantly more effective and have more power(will) than their previous generations. This short essay will elaborate on the causes of this issue, and numerous effects of it on the relationship between elderly individuals and young generations. First and foremost, using technological devices for doing their work, young individuals tend to find answers of to their questions and solutions of for their difficulties through browsing the net, thereby reducing their dependency on their parents. Not only do old people not have enough information as to the new ways of living, but they also consider new instruments unusual. Further and even more importantly, in the past, children used to assume their fathers and mothers role models for them, and looked up to them in different situations. As opposed to now, when youths assert them out-of-date. Last but not least is associated with their life style. For instance, over several decades ago, members of the public mostly worked in fields such as keeping animals and planting to name just a few. By contrast, nowadays most of them are engaged in industrial factories and have a completely different job which is roughly unknown for their parents. Considering the effects of this phenomenon on the relationship between old and lower aged individuals, the aforementioned differences place a wide gap among them meaning that no longer do young people assume the older ones wise and with effective experience. What is more, this assumption is to the detriment of the both. In this way, they have become relatively arrogant and cannot take advantages from of old people’s experience. On the whole, despite some young individuals’ opinions in regard to their more awareness about the environment and other issues, I, personally, believe that older generations are aware of an array of facts which are unknown by youths and not achievable through new devices as well.

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Some people argue that it is more important to have an enjoyable job than to earn a lot of money. Others disagree and think that a good salary leads to a better life. People's life is inextricably bound up with the job. They have to work to earn money for their living costs. While some people believe that money brings about a good life and hence everybody should take a high-paid job, others subscribe to a view that there is more to life than just money. Some people believe that money plays a pivotal role in life. Without a good salary, they would not be able to provide anything they want such as medicine. Moreover, living costs are highly increasing and due to its instability it is better to have a high salary in comparison with an enjoyable job. From my point of view, however, well-paid job opportunities are rare and seldom does every body find a good job. In addition, these kind of jobs are competitive and provided that they are rejected, they will be upset. On the other hand, some people share the view that feeling happy is much more vital than money. They do believe in the fact that life is defined as enjoyment and it is not of high important how much income they earn. Everybody can live with a minimum salary and job satisfaction in terms of enjoying it, plays a key role in good living. In my opinion, this is a positive attitude to a better life, even though the importance of money in life is undeniable. In conclusion, I have to say that although money is of great value, having an enjoyable job is beneficial to the good of family and in the first step people should seek jobs which they love. Barely does a person enjoy his life without having enjoyable work.

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Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. In the majority of countries, athletes are highly paid in their clubs or even in national teams, whereas other experts in other areas have noticeably a lower income. In spite of a strong support for this fact, it does not appeal to a large group of people. There are numerous advocates for these huge budgets which are being spent for these sports players. They claim that, a sport player experiences uncountable hazards in their professional lifetime. For instance, an injury could jeopardize their career, and led them to premature retirement. Furthermore, compared to other occupations, their best performance and efficiency last for a quite a shorter period of time. Besides, an array of them are considered to be a geniuses or national icons in their sport field, for example: take American basketball player, Micheal Jordan, or Iranian soccer player, Ali Akbar Ostad Asadi, and they are deserved to have much more salaries. The opponents, however, cite that these athletes are widely known since the mass media make them bold, and this trend serves a framework for them to earn a large amount of money, as they are able to attract a range of fans in stadiums, thus a competition would happen among sports club to sign a contract with them. As a result, their contract fee costs a fortune, and the more famous they are, the more clubs should pay. Hence, had there not been media hype about them, they would have been paid a reasonable salary.To conclude, there are opposing views about professional sports players who earn a considerable amount of money. From my perspective on account of their efforts and shortage of earning years, it is justified for them to be paid much more than in other careers.

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In the past, shopping was a routine domestic task. Many people nowadays regard it as a hobby. To what extend to you think this is a positive trend? These days, people tend to shop in great malls in every free time and it is very desirable for them as leisure activities unlike the past that when people had another opinion about shopping, they consider shopping as an important task. In this essay, we I will discuss the pros and cons of this these changes but I personally, I believe that it is a positive development. In the past, there were a few stores in every city maybe they were located in the city center, and there were not in every region of the city and also there was limited access for them so people had an opinion that shopping is not an easy task and they only bought consumer products or food and groceries. On the other hand, today, there are many huge shopping centers or malls in every region of the city and also transportation systems are advanced so the ways of access are easier than before. Therefore, people's mind is changed by these facilities so they include shopping as a pleasant activity. This development has a lot of advantages the same as gathering members of family or friends together in a comfortable environment, a variety of goods and attractions such as cafés, cinema, food court give get them the wide range of options to choose so they can have a great time in there. But in on thethere other hand, the disadvantages of these development are consist of some items, same as; advertisers try to deceive people to buy something unnecessary for them or as not as good quality in the advertisement or a group of friends canspent spend their time in some sport clubs or swimming for hanging out with each other instead of going to shopping malls, that which is better for their health. In conclusion, I personally, believe that shopping is one way for happiness so I think the advantages of this development are more than their disadvantages.

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Job satisfaction is far less important than job security in the modern workplace.How far do you agree or disagree with this statement? There is no doubt that job satisfaction profoundly affects the moral of people and consequently the quality of social and family life. Dissatisfaction with the workplace is drawn to the home and the community. Therefore, it will have very devastating effects on the society. On the other hand, having no job security, and losing the job has its own problems and affects. It is obvious that all people intend to have a both satisfying and secure job, but sometimes they don’t have any option. For example, they have to tolerate the work which they don’t like at all. Furthermore, long work hours or not desirable atmosphere. On top of all, even there is no way unless having a career that is irrelevant to the field of study, abilities, skills, interest and their social position. Regarding all of these, I severely disagree with this statement that job satisfication is far less important than job security in the modern workplace. Not only is this issue a feature of modern society or its necessity, but it also is the sign of a serious problem. From my perspective, we should not accept this compulsion as a fact, contrary we should look at it as a problem and seek a solution. According to the experts, an important cause leading to preferring job security instead of job satisfacation is the unstable economic condition of a country . In this situation, fear of being unemployed , and having no income are the most important reasons of bearing the unpleasant job. Another factor is not being enough confident and brave to make a change and leave the irritating work. To sum up, for having a healthy and happy society, both people and government are in account of changing the circumstance so that nobody has to choose between job security and job satisfacation.

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Some people believe that they should keep all the money they have earned and should not pay any tax to the state. What is the purpose of taxes? Why do some people refuse to pay taxes? It is often argued that people’s earnings should remain in their own pocket and levying any form of tax by the government should be stopped. While there are a number of socially and economically compelling reasons to justify the tax system, people who are unwilling to contribute to this system provide some grounds which will be discussed. The monetary resources collected by taxes has been the main source of money in order to provide a wide variety of vital services in a country. Short of having these resources, the government would be incapable of investing in infrastructures such as roads, amenities, and securing the cities, to name but a few. In addition, since the tax systems mostly predicated on the individuals’ net income, it leads to a more homogeneous and classless society. The more individuals make money, the more they are charged by the tax scheme, and we, as a result, would be more likely to witness a just distribution of wealth in a nation. However, not all people are satisfied by how the government has deployed the system. Many people especially the rich see the tax system unjust and imposing. Believing both the amount and quality of work they are doing is significantly higher, not only do they express their dissatisfaction, but also they are constantly looking for ways to avoid taxes. Furthermore, many expenditures made by authorities are not considered logical and effective, and they are believed to defeat the purpose of the tax system. Many subsidies for energy, for example, are in favor of the affluent people which proved to be the main energy consumers, hence more tendency for tax invasionevasion. In conclusion, as the role of an effective tax system in a nation’s growth is indisputable, it seems the authorities should continue to evolve the system, so that more people align themselves with how the system is being deployed.