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It is widely believed that advertising, not the real need of consumers, leads to the popularity of a product. Personally, I strongly agree with such a statement. Firstly, advertising promotes the sales of products by providing necessary information for potential customers through the means of media, particularly TV, with huge coverage. As a matter of fact, when in possession of a TV or a computer connected to the Internet, everyone would see advertisements almost everywhere, which would help them to know more specifically about their desirable goods. Compared to the past when the power of advertising would not be enough to spark attention, people now have closer access to modern commodities. Without advertising, producers would not be able to reach out to their purchasers owing to the a struggle to introduce or popularize their new lines of product. Secondly, I would say that under various circumstances, influential advertisements manipulate people into purchasing something they have no need for. It is common that images of sport or entertainment celebrities would be selected for commercial purposes, inflicting huge impacts on buyers, especially their fans. For example, if Ronaldo, who is an international famous football player, participated in a commercial advertisement on TV about a new product line of men’s perfume, an enormous number of his loyal fans would buy those goods. This is because they want to be like (identify with) their idols or simply it is a way to express their admiration and support. In conclusion, I think advertising is factored in boosting the sales of a product in spite of the insignificance of social needs for it.

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Due to the development and rapid expansion of supermarket in some countries, many small, local businesses are unable to compete. Some people think that the closure of local business will bring about the death of local communities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Despite development of supermarkets, mini supermarkets have disappeared. Although it is predictable for today's trade/trading, it is somewhat unfair for local businesses. Not only does it lead to close local business/trade, but it also takes both unemployment and destroying local communities. Nowadays, because of the speed of life, people tend to buy all their needs in a short time. Moreover, due to hectic life style, traffic jams and also long distances that people facing in modern lives, they want to do all their shopping in one place. In addition, people refer to places where they and their family feel relax. Since in malls and supermarkets, there are places that/where their children can play in it. In spite of a large population who/that are present there, people have tendency to purchase/buy their necessities from there because they sell their items/goods with less price. To put it simply way, inasmuch/while supermarkets buy their products in large quantities from producers/merchant, companies give them some offers to sell their products to consumer with less prices. On the other hand, I really do not know what we should do to avoid destroying/ the destruction of small businesses, so owners of small/local businesses should be coordinated. In addition, local communities could not harness the development of these kinds of businesses. In the other words, they should adopt some solutions. For example, they obtained some of the products' representations. In conclusion, the existence of trading in large quantity such as supermarkets is inevitable in modern society. In addition, I concur with that this is unequal/ inequitable rivalry and also leads to destroying local business.

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In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. The matter of how the schedule of students should be upon graduation from highschool has been an area of concern during the last decades. For instance, there is a recommendation that we will discuss about it. If we motivate our offspring after finishing their studies at school to have a travel and then start their education at a higher level, It would produce made a beneficial results. This suggestion has made a heated debate between authorities. Some researchers opine that by allocating a certain amount of budget to students and providinge them with some pedagogical journey such as holding some courses besides other leisure activities, and furthermore visiting modernextended factories or other kinds of their feasible future job vacancies, not only do we notify them how they could be effective in their society, but also it could be a kind of warning alarm to remind recall these young generations of their responsibilities in the future. In addition, being in some tranquilizing atmosphere, graduatesd students can concentrate more on their life and make a conservative decision. What is more, students who have a career during the period of time between high school and higher levels can save more money and spend their possession on educating in a high ranked university. Despite these positive sides of the given statements, further analysis brings up some drawbacks. For example some researchers assume that allocating time to work or having a vacation before education at school, students waste their time, hence education is the urgent priority to this young individuals. In fact there are is not any provend and undeniable benefits associated with the given idea. Most people, myself includedincluded me, claim that students had better to have a duration of time to become more independent and find their favorite life style or choose either their field of study or a vocation to do. The more snap decisions, the more regretted in life.

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Task: In many countries eighteen is considered the right age to start driving a car. However, some people say that the legal driving age should be twenty five. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. One of the most heated debates among experts is the precise age to commence driving. While many individuals assert that eighteen is the best choice, others claim it would be totally wrong if young people started it before twenty five. My personal notion in this regard is similar to that of the former group. Advocates, on the one hand, assert that we should consider an age to start driving when not only are do children become mature, but also they are still under parental supervision, so from their point of view, eighteen is the wise choice, for from both a psychological and physical perspective, this is the age when they are fully grown. In addition, the majority of children in the aforementioned age are still living with their parents. Thus, they parents have a significant influence on their offspring’s driving manner and character as well. On the contrary, others claim that most individuals at in eighteen are adventurous which may lead to failing to pay enough attention to driving rules and regulations, so they drive careless (carelessly) regardless of the tragic outcomes of their conducts. Moreover, the majority of breadwinners cannot afford the expenses of buying and maintaining a car for their children. Thus, the best time to start driving, from their point of view, is twenty five when not only will most people find a decent job in order to pay for support expenditures, but also are mentally mature to prevent avoid dangerous behaviors. In conclusion, although commencinge driving at in eighteen causes some issues, I strongly believe that it is the best choice since young people offspring are under parents' strict supervision besides the fact that they are fully matured. However, it is would be a must to raise awareness among young individuals regarding negative impacts of being an incautious driver.

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Some people think that money is one of the most essential factors in promoting happiness. Do you think people can be happy without much money? What other factors contribute towards happiness? Although monetary matter, especially these days, plays a crucial role in meeting people’s needs, which partly result in their happiness, there are other items, which can be considered to bring gladness for individuals. Since lack of financial means can cause various problems for people, especially for those impoverished ones living below the poverty line, usually struggling to put food on the table, thus, rarely do they have a chance to experience the taste of happiness. That means money is a contributing factor in happiness. Having said that, there are the rich, having attained a great deal wealth so that they do not have any problem monetarily, but they are usually reluctant and unhappy, because the more they earn, the greedier they will become. This partially proves that some other activities can help people to be satisfied with their lives than money. A first step is for people to try to change their lifestyle in order to be less materialistic, so it would be better that they choose a simple way of life, which needs less money to live. Decreasing the purchase of expensive items including cars, luxurious accommodations, and even furniture, which have become trendy especially in developing countries, can be effective. That way they are less likely to have a concern to make more money, so they have more time and energy to live happier. Besides, pursuing interests can assist people in enjoying their lives. turning to art, music, for example, can leads individuals to develop a sense of liberty, thereby releasing their daily stress, which is really help them to make them happy. In conclusion, I would argue that if people think more about spiritual matters rather than materialistic ones, and being drawn to simple and easier forms of life, they are more likely to experience joyful life, because we cannot seek the happiness concept just in money. Arefeh

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Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development? Nowadays the types/nature of people's relationships has have changed because of technology and I think people have gone through a way that their relations or interactions are being affected which is and it was not acceptable. For expanding technology, two issues have been produced, one of them emphasizes the relations between extended friends or families and the other is related to close families. In the first opinion, technology has reasonable functions and also plays a role in relating, because it enables us and our friends to become closer. Although we are not interacting with each other in person from short distance, we could get in touch with each other by new devices. Besides, it brings about changes in our life and also there is some doubt as to whether this approach/ kind of technology will work. Moreover, new technology has caused the family to act like strangers with each other. For examples, we are being out during the day, when we arrived home, we use our devices (cellphones or laptops) without looking around. Mothers are being alone during the day, waiting for us to arrive home so that and she could speak about something that was happened today, but unfortunately we do not allow her to speak while we are I am speaking or chatting with our my friends who were our my classmates ten years ago. Thus, we can conclude that not only have devices not helped us to get close to each other, but also they have made it makes us get far from each other. On the other hand, it is against rules of our society that I was raised in. Ultimately, the new devices have facilitated our lives.making life easier, devices act. We should learn how to use each new technology that does not hurt / without causing for any body and it needs cultural work. We must use modern equipment, by which we can improve our lifestyle. Not only does it make life simple/ straightway, but it also provides in a high quality. Despite disadvantages/negative points, the benefits are is legion.

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In many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? Nowadays, schools are facing problems with aggressive student behavior. unfortunately, these problems have negative effects on the education process at in school. Therefore, it is important to find solutions to tackle the issue There are some reasons as to why students behave inappropriately. the first reason is, lack of parental guidance because parents might spend more time at work than at home, so the children don't know how they are supposed to behave . The other reasone could be caused by the internet, tv programs and video games. For example, they might watch tv shows that use a lot of violence. The last reason that influences students' behaviour is a competitive school environment. So they have/face/experience/undergo got a lot of stress especially in monthly examinations that lead to acts of violence. In order to counter such problems, there are simple measures to resolve this an issue. Parents must devote enough time for their children the student and realize their strengths and weaknesses.they must never compare one student with another. Teachers can be able to underrestand students' points of views and connect with them .this is because students are more likely to listen to their teacher if they feel that they can relate to them the teacher. But it takes it's take a time and need patience patient and guidancee for students to be well-behaved. The last but most important factor is that schools should have enough space area for students to do physical activities like running ,ping pong and the other sports . This is not only helps to become more energetic lead a lot of energy but also exhibit better manners. Students especially in elementary school should also be encouraged to do/engage in activities such as gardening and caring for domestic animals .these can help to provide opportunities for them to learn to being be responsible and appreciate nature. In conclusion, families and the education system can play a key role in students' life. They should find out students' view and guideing them patiently so the students can gradually change their behavior behave in a more appropriatemanner.

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In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? In many places today, schools have extreme problems with children's behavior. Although there are so many well-educated teachers who have simply perceived this problem throughout their career, they usually cannot afford to manage children's behavior pattern in a best way. Many factors are involved in this issue, in fact young students are under firm pressure both mentally and physically. By that I mean they have been placed in a situation that neither are they are children nor adult. Because of this unstable condition they are mostly getting confused and angry about trivial things and also they may react harshly. In from my point of view, this is a natural aoccurrence which may happen in every man's life especially in this sensitive period. However, teachers and parents play a role key in leading to lead students into a correct way of life. They must teach them how to get on with their peers by engaging them in group activities and also how to share their feelings or experiences among themselves. The moot point is both parents and teachers should have a link to each other in order to assess the progress whether everything goes well or not. So overall, I believe that by understanding students and accepting them as they are, not only does the situation begin to improve but they also found find the parents and teachers as their best friends which this circumstance paves the way for their success. Farzane.

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Young people spend their free time in shopping malls. This has negative effect on young people and society. To what extent do you agree or disagree? These days, it has been common for many youngsters to spend their leisure time in shopping centers for various purposes, especially in large cities. From my perspective, this trend could have both beneficial and detrimental effect on individuals and society. Those frowning upon wasting time in the shopping malls, argue that as a the result of this modern habit, families are forced to allocate a noticeable portion of their annual budget on to the unnecessary items which is are bought by their children. This could have been resulted from the point that teenagers are more likely to be impressed by the visually attractive shops and products compared to adults. such as Such as clothes, accessories or even electronic gadgets without even considering their prices. Moreover, from a broad-scale point of view(!), this approach could contribute to consumerism and consequently result in degradation of natural resources in that industries need raw materials for their products such as fabrics. Unfortunately, what this approach will bring about would be a serious threat to the environment and will threaten our life on this planet. On the other hand, gaining different experiences in experiencing shopping centers as a place to spend free time in could have great benefits. For instance, teenagers could take advantage of other leisure activities that are normally provided in this these places, namely cinemas, cafes and food courts. Window shopping is also a brilliant opportunity for everyone specifically the youth toincrease their knowledge in the field of style and fashion which are an inevitable part of contemporary life. Another salient benefit of developing the usage of this these malls is economic growth in that not only will be more job opportunities be needed(??), but also it will result in higher demand for construction of these types of buildings. Hence, the more a country invests in this area criteria, the more developed it will become. In brief, encouraging the young generation to spend their spare time in shopping centers would have both positive and negative effects. It is the governments’ responsibility to diminish its negative impacts.

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In many countries governments spend a lot of money on internet infrastructures. Some say it is reasonable to allocate these funds, but others disagree and say that many more important programs need this money. Discuss both views, give your opinion and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Developing countries nowadays tend to invest in various fields of infrastructures and the internet dominates a remarkable portion of these funds. However, many controversies have been arisen among experts whether it is a beneficial trend or not. Many believe that the internet is a common way of connection among people. In fact, nowadays many businesses are relied rely on people’s links. Individuals tend to be more online gathering information to discover new remarkably efficient methods of developing their business and make more money. They use it for marketing and to publishing advertisement besides they try to finding technical information on the internet. Therefore, it is necessary to spend more money on internet infrastructures for countries which tend to have sustainable development. On the other hand, critics assert that although the internet can help the businesslords to enhance their companies, to establish these businesses other infrastructures such as railways are required. Factories which have no access to proper means of physical transportation, however much more access to the internet they might have, would fail to develop considerably, and this will have adverse effect on the advancement of industries as well as/and the country. From my perspective, governments should implement plans to develop all infrastructural fields homogenously and continuously, inasmuch as the internet infrastructure is as important as other infrastructural fields like roads, and to reach the situation of sustainable development all of them are needed. Therefore, governments should strike a balance between all the fields and improve them coordinately. It is evident that not only will monotonous improvements in a single field help with the to enhancement of the industries, but also would lead the country to recession and corruption. To conclude, to have the best fundamental requirements for development having a balanced progress in all infrastructural fields is compulsory, and investing/investment in one field such as the internet would not help the country.